Tuesday, February 28, 2012

Martian Chronicles: Short Story #1 (draft)

After taking a close look at the first story, brainstorm an idea about writing a story without a human protagonist. Try to give your story a dramatic arc.

According to Ray Bradbury in his non-fiction writing guide: Zen in the Art of Writing, Bradbury mentions a technique he uses to come up with ideas. He says that he imagines a hallway with a door at the end. When he begins a story, he imagines himself walking down the hallway, turning the doorknob, and entering this "room" or "space" behind the door. Then he starts writing what comes to mind. Try this exercise as often as you need to complete your stories/poems/plays, etc.

Some good advice from Damon Knight (Science Fiction Author):
1. "You can't write about a general character in a general setting--[to keep a story going] you need a paricular person in a particular place, feeling a particular way, in a particular situation."
2. "Each time you answer a question [about character, setting, situation, feeling] you will be closer to finding out what happens in the story."
3. "Editors are often reluctant to publish any short story that ends with the death of a sympathetic viewpoint character."
4. "After writing a 1st draft, go back over your story and: criticize your own story. By asking questions [about craft] now, you will save yourself the embarrassment of having others ask them later."
5. Remember to draw on your own experiences if you need to, but also rely on research to flesh out an idea.
6. Constraints (like prompts) can help limit your imagination and give you a good place to start writing.
7. "In a story we expect a quality of completion, of roundedness, which sets it apart from a sketch, an incident, or an anecdote."
8. "There is an implied contract between the author and the reader that goes something like this: Give me your time and pay your money, and I'll let you experience what it's like to be...a trapper in the woods, an explorer in the Martian desert, a young woman in love with an older man, a dying cancer patient...etc. You must look hard at the offer you are making: would you accept it, if you were the reader?"
9. "A story has a shape; you can't see it all at once, but it's there. A good story has a pleasing shape, like a vase or a violin; a bad one has a meaningless, haphazard shape, like a pile of junk."
10. "Every story is a machine designed to evoke an organized series of responses in the reader. When the writer is clumsy, the mechanism shows. In a good story it is concealed and we are not aware of it, but it is there just the same, and every part of it has its function."
Use one of these techniques to write a short story draft.

Friday, February 17, 2012

Bradbury & The Martian Chronicles

Please visit Bradbury's website and take some notes about the author and Martian Chronicles.

Here's a few more things to note:
Please read the following article:
100 Years of Martian Fiction.

Here's a few other authors who have written about Mars:
Authors who have written about life on Mars. And a few video clips about the red planet:
John Carter of Mars and the Mars books author: Edgar Rice Burroughs
Red Planet and its author: Robert Heinlein.
Life on Mars (David Bowie)
The Martians Discover a Telephone (Sesame Street)
Mission to Mars (Brian De Palma)
Here's a little history to help you understand how Bradbury is using issues of his day and infusing them into his work:

Ray Bradbury Talks about his inspiration in writing The Martian Chronicles

After our discussion, please continue reading The Martian Chronicles.

HOMEWORK: Please read The Martian Chronicles & post a forum response to Tennessee Williams by next week.

Cat Conclusion; Williams Response; Bradbury

We will conclude our viewing of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. Then we'll be in the lab momentarily to respond to Williams' plays. We will also be getting Martian Chronicles from the library.

Please read Martian Chronicles over break. See post above for help with this book. Martian Chronicles is compiled (like a few other Bradbury novels) as a collection of interlinked short stories. The stories are arranged chronologically and metaphorically represent the settling and foundation of America. You may insert "Native American" where you see Martian to some extent if you need a theme and/or a point for the novel.

Please read about and view samplings of Bradbury's work above.

HOMEWORK: Please complete your reading of the Martian Chronicles.

Monday, February 13, 2012

Cat on a Hot Tin Roof: Film Basics

Please learn the following basic film vocabulary.
Shot: How much subject matter is included within the frame of the screen.
In general, shots are determined on the basis of how much of the human figure is in view. Additionally, a shot is also an unedited strip of film, recording images from the time the camera starts to the time it stops.

Types:

1. extreme long shot - taken from a great distance, almost always an exterior shot; shows much of the setting or locale. They serve as spatial frames of reference. Used where locale plays an important role. (Historical, epics, westerns, etc.)

2. long shot (proscenium shot) - About the distance one would be from the theatre stage to the audience. Usually includes complete human form to a distance less extreme than the ELS.

3. Full shot - Fits the whole human form in the frame of the camera.

4. Medium shot - Usually contains a figure from the knees or waist up. It is useful for shooting exposition scenes, for minor movement and for dialogue.
A. Two shot (two people in the shot, usually from waist up)
B. Three shot (three people crowded in the shot)
C. Over the shoulder (focal point is the person the viewer can see, shot over another character's "shoulder" to show POV

5. Close up - Usually a person’s face (or neck and shoulders). Concentrates on a relatively small object. Elevates the importance of small details, often symbolic.

6. Extreme close up - Focuses on a very small item. The item usually fills the frame. Used to elevate importance of small details; again, often symbolic.

7. Deep Focus Shot (wide angle shot) - A long shot with many focal distances. Shot captures objects at close, medium and long ranges simultaneously.

Camera Movement Shots

8. Pan, panning shot: (short for panorama), a revolving horizontal movement of the camera from left to right or vice versa.

9. Tracking shot, trucking shot, dolly shot: A shot taken from a moving vehicle. Originally tracks were laid on the set to permit a smoother movement of the camera.

10. Crane shot: A shot taken from a crane (mechanical arm) which carries the cinematographer and the camera to move in any direction, vertical or horizontal.

Streetcar Quiz & Cat on a Hot Tin Roof

After our quiz on Streetcar, let's view another of Tennessee Williams' plays (this one a film): Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. This will conclude our readings of Tennessee Williams' work (at least in this class).

For those of you interested, check out these other Williams' films:

Baby Doll (1956)
Suddenly Last Summer (1959)
The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (1961) This was taken from Tennessee Williams' novel.
Sweet Bird of Youth (1962)
Night of the Iguana (1964)

The Glass Menagerie (1950 film, complete)
The Glass Menagerie (with Katherine Hepburn)
The Glass Menagerie (with Montgomery Ward - Radio Play)

Most of Williams' plays (as well as his films) revolve around a central secret: something terrible or haunting or degenerate that a protagonist desperately tries to cover up. Williams' women are often unhappy, the men brutish and insensitive. Oh, where will it lead but to modern American drama!

We can learn a lot about playwriting from Tennessee Williams. A character in pain or conflict lies at the center of his plays. The use of a "secret" allows appropriate tension and rising conflict until a climactic scene reveals the truth. Learn from this.
This has nothing to do with anything, but I found it funny. Feel free to use this sort of idea or information found therein to write a poem, short story, or play.
Horrible Histories: The Roman Report
Horrible Histories: The French Revolution
Horrible Histories: The British Civil War
Horrible Histories: The American Report
Horrible Histories: The Awful Egyptians

Thursday, February 9, 2012

Streetcar (Cont)

Classwork: On the index card from last class, as we read, continue to write down any words or phrases that other characters use to describe that character. These words should be taken directly from the dialogue. This is part of your participation work. Please turn in your card at the end of the play. If we do not finish reading the play in class today, please complete for homework.

HOMEWORK: Complete Streetcar. There will be a test on the entire play next class. Please post a forum response to the question on the forum by next class as well.

Tuesday, February 7, 2012

Streetcar: Act One

Today we'll continue our reading of A Streetcar Named Desire.

1. Light is used as a motif and symbol in the play. Consider what its presence or absence indicates. Particularly, what does it mean as a personal symbol for Blanche?
2. Williams uses sound as a dramatic device. When and what does Blanche hear music? Look for this sort of symbolism throughout the play. Music helps create tone, as well.
3. Mitch is different from the other men in the play. He is a contrast to Stanley's brutishness. Williams uses Mitch as a complication for Blanche, and a contrast to Stanley.
4. Likewise Stella contrasts her sister Blanche. 

The 1951 film starred a young Marlon Brando and actress Vivien Leigh. The movie was directed by Elia Kazan.

Here's the famous Stella scene.
And the screaming contest it created.

Brainstorming: Create a character sketch, give that character a deep, dark secret from his/her past.

Classwork: On the index card, choose one of the major characters from the play (Stanley, Blanche, Stella, Mitch) and draw a quick artist interpretation picture of that character. On the back of the index card, as we read, write down any words or phrases that other characters use to describe that character. These words should be taken directly from the dialogue. This is part of your participation work. Please turn in your card at the end of the play.

Wednesday, February 1, 2012

Streetcar Named Desire

After reading last class's blog post about Tennessee Williams and taking notes, please get the play A Streetcar Named Desire and we'll begin reading it in room 238.

New Orleans Streetcar

HOMEWORK: Please finish scene ___ for homework.

About this course!

This course stresses understanding the characteristics & techniques in the literary genres of fiction, poetry, and dramatic writing. This course will continue to build on students’ reading and writing skills begun in previous creative writing classes. Readings and discussions of works by major writers in the field will be examined as inspiration and models of fine writing. This educational blog is designed for the use of the students at the School of the Arts in Rochester, NY.